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ftVvC JfENTIFICATIO►N (J TM
Bees are beneficial insects that pollinate flowering plants by transferring pollen
from one flower to another. This is important for plant reproduction and food
production. In fact, pollinators are responsible for 1 out of every 3 bites of food
you take. While the honey bee gets most of the credit for providing pollination,
there are actually about 4000 species of bees in North America!
pollen
basket
IT T •
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head
thorax
abdomen
pollen -
carrying
hairs
This card provides key features needed to identify 10
types of bees found in home landscapes. The approxi-
mate size of each bee is listed in millimeters. The
following symbols will help along the way:
CP21IELECTRIC POWER
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
?CWEP`'' PHK
All bees have three body segments, a head, thorax, and
abdomen. The head is where large multi -faceted eyes, long
slender antennae, and mouthparts are found. The thorax is the
middle segment where the wings and legs attach. Last is the
abdomen, which for female bees ends in a stinger for some
types of bees..
Special pollen -carrying hairs unique to female bees resemble
dense broom bristles, and are commonly found on the rear legs
or the underside of the abdomen. Some carry pollen in an
almost hairless, flattened pollen basket on the rear legs.
Honey Bee
Apis mellifera 12-15mm
Light to dark brown body with pale
and dark hairs in bands on abdomen.
Pollen basket present. Abdomen
barrel -shaped. Head heart -shaped.
Colonies nest in human -made
hives, in the open, and in cavities.
Swarm to locate new nest.
• Honey bees have hairy eyes!
Leaf Cutting Bee
Megachile spp. 7-15mm
Black body with light or dark hairs.
Pollen -carrying hairs beneath abdo-
men. Head is as broad as the thorax
with large mouthparts used to cut
leaves.
Solitary, but nest in aggregations
in above -ground pre-existing holes,
natural or man-made.
tic
nP
They cut circular pieces from leaves
which are used to line their nests!
Common
nesting
locations.
Identifying
behaviors to
watch for.
Additional ID
features that may be
seen with the aid of
a hand lens.
Bumble Bee
Bombus spp. 8-21mm
Black body, extensively covered with
black and yellow hairs on all body
segments. Pollen basket present.
Robust body. Long face.
g. Colonies often nest underground,
commonly in old rodent burrows.
Bumble bees pollinate in cool,
i� cloudy weather when most bees
are at home!
m
Large Carpenter Bee
Xylocopa spp. 15-23mm
Black body with light or dark hairs.
Pollen -carrying hairs on rear legs.
Similar body shape to bumble bee,
but abdomen shiny and mostly
lacking hair. Round face.
Nests are burrowed into wood,
often in roof eaves.
Fly fast and erratically like a
hummingbird!
Sweat Bee
Halictidae 3.5-11mm
Two forms: 1) bright metallic green
or 2) black/brown with light bands of
hair on the abdomen. Pollen -carrying
hairs on rear legs. Slender body.
Nest in the soil, solitary to
communal nesters.
Some are attracted to the salt in
your sweat!
Mason Bee
Osmia spp. 7-16mm
Two forms: 1) black body covered in
pale hairs or 2) dull metallic
green -blue and less hairy. Pollen -car-
rying hairs beneath abdomen. Head
as broad as thorax, robust body.
�; Solitary, but nest in aggregations
in above -ground pre-existing holes.
Collect mud to line their nests!
Squash Bee
Peponapis pruinosa 11-14rnm
Brown body covered in dense light
hair on the thorax and in bands on
abdomen. Pollen -carrying hairs on
rear legs. Long antennae. Appear to
have protruding "nose".
Ground nesting, mostly near
squash and pumpkin fields.
Only collects pollen from
squash/pumpkin plants!
A Bee Nr _ a
Some insects that you will see visiting flowers are bee mimics. While they are not bees,
they may resemble them in appearance.
Common bee mimics are flies and wasps. A fly has only 2 wings, while a bee has 4. Flies
have sucking mouth parts, not the jaws of a bee, and their antennae are not long and
slender like a bee, but short and stubby or feathery. Some flies are easy to spot
because their eyes meet in the center at the top of their head.
A wasp has 4 wings, chewing mouthparts, a sting, and long antennae like a bee. Wasps
are smooth and almost hairless, while bees are generally covered with hair on their
bodies and legs. Wasps have slender waists and they will never have pollen -carrying
hairs. Certain wasps make paper nests that hang from a tree or building, bees do not.
A final clue: If an insect is eating another insect, it may be a fly or wasp. Bees are
vegetarians and only eat pollen and nectar from flowers!
Now that you are a bee and bee mimic expert, try your hand at identifying these
insects! Answers are at the bottom.
Small Carpenter Bee
Ceratina spp. 5-8mm
Dark blue-green and shiny, appearing
hairless on all body segments.
Pollen -carrying hairs on rear legs.
Slender with shield -shaped abdomen.
Solitary, nest in twigs and stems.
Pale yellow marks on face. Females
have vertical bar, males have
upside-down "T"!
Mining Bee
Andrena spp. 5.5-15mm
Black body, with black, yellow, and
sometimes rust -colored hair on most
of the body. Pollen is carried on the
hairy back legs.
®Dig solitary ground nests. Prefer
sandy soils.
Shallow depressions between their
• eyes and antennae hold short
velvety hairs!
Long Horned Bee
Melissodes spp. 8-16mm
Black body covered in dense pale or
dark hairs. Pollen -carrying hairs on
rear legs may be very long.
Stout -bodied. Males have extremely
long antennae.
Solitary to communal ground
nesters.
Some are especially attracted to
asters, sunflowers, and daisies!
For more information,
visit us online at:
www.pollinator.org
www.epri.com/pollinators
#PowerinPollinators
3002022284
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